痔疮
痔疮 are part of the normal anatomy of the anus and lower rectum. They act as cushions to protect the anal skin from the passage of stool. 痔疮通常不是问题, 但如果它们膨胀,就会成为一个问题, bleed or protrude – come out of the rectum to the outside of the anus.
痔疮要么在肛门内, 被称为内部, 或者在肛门周围的皮肤下, 被称为外部. 痔疮 that come from the inside are covered with the lining of the rectum, 称为粘膜, 那些在外面的是被皮肤覆盖的. Sometimes the internal hemorrhoids are connected to external hemorrhoids.
随着压力的增加,可能会引起 怀孕, 肥胖,重物和 排便的慢性紧张,痔疮可能会有问题.
症状
Although many people have hemorrhoids, not all experience symptoms. Internal hemorrhoids may cause bright red blood in the toilet bowl, 饱腹感丰满或不舒服的感觉, 或者粘液排出. 它们也可以突出, 或者跳出来, with a bowel movement; usually, 它们会自己回到里面.
External hemorrhoids are felt as a lump near the anus that can cause pain. The lump is caused by a blood clot, causing a purple-blue color.
因为出血可能是 结肠或直肠的癌症, a 结肠镜检查 may need to be done before we will treat your hemorrhoids. This is a diagnostic procedure that uses a lighted, flexible tube inserted through the rectum. 如果你有癌症家族史, 年龄超过50岁或有其他症状或危险因素, 当结直肠癌很小的时候,这种检查就能发现. 这个程序是在门诊基础上完成的. Small numbers of people who have had this operation may leak gas or stool.
治疗
家庭治疗
治疗痔疮有几种方法. The best way may be to relieve the symptoms and prevent the hemorrhoids from becoming problematic. 这是最好的完成方式:
- Taking a warm tub or sitz bath several times a day in plain, warm water for about 10 minutes
- 用冰袋消肿
- Ensuring regular, soft bowel movements by eliminating foods that lead to 便秘,添加 纤维 to your diet, drinking lots of fluids and exercising regularly
- 减少上厕所的时间
- Trying to have a bowel movement when you get the urge rather than holding it
痔疮手术
如果你的痔疮对上述治疗没有反应, 或者已经很成问题了, 还有许多其他的治疗选择, 包括:
橡皮筋结扎
也称为banding, this involves placing a very small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid inside the rectum. The band cuts off circulation and the hemorrhoid withers away within seven to 10 days. This leaves a scar that prevents further bleeding and prolapse. This is usually done in the office but sometimes it is done in surgery.
对绑带有什么期待:
- Bleeding in seven to 10 days when the hemorrhoid falls off
- 大便出血
- A dull ache and fullness in the rectum – apply an ice pack to help relieve this
- 如果疼痛加剧, fever and difficulty urinating you must return to the hospital immediately for removal of the rubber band
- Avoid aspirin and non-steroidals (Ibuprofen-type pain pills) for 10 days
- 你可以马上恢复日常活动
硬化疗法
A chemical solution is injected around the blood vessel to shrink the hemorrhoid. 这会导致炎症和疤痕. This is done in the office but has a higher chance of only working temporarily. 你可以马上恢复日常活动.
痔切除术
当痔疮严重时, 广泛的, 脱垂的或嵌顿的, they may require removal by surgery known as hemorrhoidectomy. 这是在麻醉下进行的. Because there is a risk of causing permanent damage to the sphincter – the muscle that controls your bowel movements – this operation is only done if absolutely necessary.
痔疮切除术有哪些期待:
- You will experience a lot of discomfort from this procedure and you will not be able to return to regular activities for five to 10 days.
- If you are unable to urinate after the procedure, you must call your doctor.
- Avoid Aspirin and non-steroidal pain medications (like Ibuprofen) for 10 days.
- 洗个热水澡会很舒服.
- The first several bowel movements can cause bleeding and pain. Narcotics for pain control and stool softeners will be necessary.
血栓形成的外痔
当外痔形成时, 它可以通过切除来治疗, 或者切开, of the hemorrhoid or clot if you are able to be seen within the first 24 hours of pain. 在那之后, the hemorrhoid will begin to go away on its own and cutting it open will not help it heal more quickly. 温水浴对这很有帮助.
面霜和栓剂
You may have noticed that there is no mention of creams or suppositories in this handout. We believe that these may help but they also can cause problems. The anal area prefers to be dry and because it is a very sensitive area, 它会对某些制剂产生过敏.
纤维
A high-纤维 diet will help you have soft, regular bowel movements. 也, the best time to have a bowel movement is when your body gives you an urge to go – this will minimize problems with hemorrhoids, 裂缝, 瘙痒等常见结肠, 直肠和肛门问题.
A diet high in 纤维 has about 25 to 30 grams of 纤维 per day. For information on how to increase your 纤维 through diet, please see 增加纤维摄入量. 有关使用补充剂的信息,请参见 纤维补充剂.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.